Internet-Draft Context-Aware Navigation Protocol July 2023
Jeong, et al. Expires 3 January 2024 [Page]
Workgroup:
IPWAVE Working Group
Internet-Draft:
draft-jeong-ipwave-context-aware-navigator-08
Published:
Intended Status:
Standards Track
Expires:
Authors:
J. Jeong, Ed.
Sungkyunkwan University
B. Mugabarigira
Sungkyunkwan University
Y. Shen
Sungkyunkwan University
J. Kwon
Sungkyunkwan University
Z. Kim
Hyundai Motor

Context-Aware Navigation Protocol for IP-Based Vehicular Networks

Abstract

This document proposes a Context-Aware Navigation Protocol (CNP) for IP-based vehicular networks for cooperative navigation among vehicles in road networks. This CNP aims at the enhancement of driving safety through a light-weight driving information sharing method. The CNP protocol uses an IPv6 Neighbor Discovery (ND) option to convey driving information such as a vehicle's position, speed, acceleration/deceleration, and direction, and a driver's driving action (e.g., braking and accelerating).

Status of This Memo

This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

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This Internet-Draft will expire on 3 January 2024.

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

The enhancement of driving safety is one of objectives of cooperative driving in vehicular networks. Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC) is for vehicular communications [DSRC]. IEEE has standardized a family standard suite of Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) [WAVE]. Also, IETF has standardized an IPv6 packet delivery protocol over IEEE 802.11-OCB (Outside the Context of a Basic Service Set) [RFC8691], which is a MAC protocol for vehicles in WAVE.

A vehicle equipped with various sensors and a DSRC device can sense its surrounding environment including its neighboring vehicles, and share the sensed data and its mobility information (e.g., position, speed, acceleration/deceleration, and direction) with its neighboring vehicles. This information sharing allows vehicles to assess the collision risk and make their maneuvers to avoid an accident in a prompt way, for example, a Context-Aware Navigation Protocol (CNP) navigation system [CNP]. That is, the capability of sensing, computing, and communication of vehicles enables them to understand the driving environment and situation (i.e., context), and cooperate with each other during their navigation. In the CNP navigation system [CNP], a cluster head vehicle can control the maneuver of member vehicles (i.e., neighboring vehicles) of its cluster with their mobility information and a vehicle collision avoidance algorithm (i.e., Emergency Maneuver Lane Determination).

The driving information sharing enables context-aware navigation where each vehicle can display its neighboring vehicles, pedestrians, and obstacles in the CNP navigation system [CNP]. With the CNP navigation system, a driver can make a better decision on driving to avoid an accident, and an autonomous vehicle can control its maneuver to escape from a possible fatality in advance.

For this CNP navigation system, this document proposes a light-weight data sharing protocol using a new IPv6 Neighbor Discovery (ND) option for Vehicle Mobility Information, which is called Vehicle Mobility Information (VMI) option. This VMI option can be included by a Neighbor Advertisement (NA) message in Vehicular Neighbor Discovery (VND) [ID-Vehicular-ND].

There are two messages for vehicle collision avoidance in this CNP navigation system with the VMI option such as Cooperation Context Message (CCM) and Emergency Context Message (ECM). The CCM is a message to deliver a vehicle's motion information (e.g., position, speed, acceleration/deceleration, direction) and a driver's driving action (e.g., braking and accelerating) to its neighboring vehicles for cooperative driving. The ECM is a message to notify a vehicle's neighboring vehicles of an emergency situation (e.g., an accident and dangerous situation). The ECM has a higher priority than the CCM such that the ECM needs to be disseminated faster than the CCM in vehicular networks.

2. Requirements Language

The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].

3. Terminology

This document uses the terminology described in [RFC9365].

4. Vehicle Mobility Information Option

Vehicle Mobility Information (VMI) option is an IPv6 ND option to convey either a CCM or ECM. Figure 1 shows the format of the VMI option.

   0                   1                   2                   3
   0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
  +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
  |     Type      |    Length     |    Message    |  Reserved1    |
  +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
  |                           Reserved2                           |
  +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
  |                                                               |
  :                      Mobility Information                     :
  |                                                               |
  +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 1: Vehicle Mobility Information (VMI) Option Format
Fields:
 Type           8-bit identifier of the VMI option type as assigned
                by the IANA: TBD

 Length         8-bit unsigned integer.  The length of the option
                (including the Type and Length fields) is in units of
                8 octets.  The value is 3.

 Message        8-bit identifier of the VMI message type as CCM (0)
                and ECM (1).

 Reserved1      This field is unused.  It MUST be initialized to
                zero by the sender and MUST be ignored by the
                receiver.

 Reserved2      This field is unused.  It MUST be initialized to
                zero by the sender and MUST be ignored by the
                receiver.

 Mobility Information
                128-bit mobility information.  It contains a vehicle's
                motion information (e.g., position, speed,
                acceleration/deceleration, direction) and a driver's
                driving action (e.g., braking and accelerating) for
                CCM.  Also, it contains a vehicle's emergency
                information (e.g., obstacle information and accident
                information).

A CCM in a VMI option can be included in an NA message that a vehicle transmits periodically to announce its existence and routing information to its one-hop neighboring vehicles [ID-Vehicular-ND].

An ECM in a VMI option can be included in an NA message that a vehicle transmits to immediately announce an emergency situation to its one-hop neighboring vehicles [ID-Vehicular-ND].

To let the vehicles take an immediate action on an emergency situation, the ECM has a higher priority than the CCM. Thus, if a vehicle has an ECM and a CCM to send, it SHOULD transmit the ECM earlier than the CCM.

5. Security Considerations

This document shares all the security issues of the IPv6 ND protocol. This document can get benefits from Secure Neighbor Discovery (SEND) [RFC3971] in order to protect exchanged messages from possible security attacks.

6. References

6.1. Normative References

[RFC2119]
Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2119>.
[RFC4861]
Narten, T., Nordmark, E., Simpson, W., and H. Soliman, "Neighbor Discovery for IP Version 6 (IPv6)", RFC 4861, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4861>.
[RFC3971]
Arkko, J., "SEcure Neighbor Discovery (SEND)", RFC 3971, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3971>.
[RFC8691]
Benamar, N., Haerri, J., Lee, J., and T. Ernst, "Basic Support for IPv6 Networks Operating Outside the Context of a Basic Service Set over IEEE Std 802.11", RFC 8691, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8691>.
[RFC9365]
Jeong, J., "IPv6 Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (IPWAVE): Problem Statement and Use Cases", RFC 9365, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9365>.

6.2. Informative References

[ID-Vehicular-ND]
Jeong, J., Ed., Shen, Y., Kwon, J., and S. Cespedes, "Vehicular Neighbor Discovery for IP-Based Vehicular Networks", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-jeong-ipwave-vehicular-neighbor-discovery-15, , <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-jeong-ipwave-vehicular-neighbor-discovery-15>.
[DSRC]
ASTM International, "Standard Specification for Telecommunications and Information Exchange Between Roadside and Vehicle Systems - 5 GHz Band Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications", ASTM E2213-03(2010), .
[WAVE]
IEEE 1609 Working Group, "IEEE Guide for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) - Architecture", IEEE Std 1609.0-2013, .
[IEEE-802.11-OCB]
"Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications", IEEE Std 802.11-2016, .
[CNP]
Mugabarigira, B., Shen, Y., Jeong, J., Oh, T., and H. Jeong, "Context-Aware Navigation Protocol for Safe Driving in Vehicular Cyber-Physical Systems", IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Vol. 24, No. 1, URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9921182, .

Appendix A. Acknowledgments

This work was supported in part by the Institute of Information & Communications Technology Planning & Evaluation (IITP) grant funded by the Korea Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT) (2020-0-00395-003, Standard Development of Blockchain based Network Management Automation Technology).

This work was supported in part by the IITP grant funded by the Korea MSIT (No. 2022-0-01015, Development of Candidate Element Technology for Intelligent 6G Mobile Core Network).

This work was supported in part by the Korea MSIT under the ITRC (Information Technology Research Center) support program (IITP-2022-2017-0-01633) supervised by the IITP.

Appendix B. Contributors

This document is made by the group effort of IPWAVE working group. Many people actively contributed to this document, such as Carlos J. Bernardos and Russ Housley. The authors sincerely appreciate their contributions.

The following are co-authors of this document:

Zhong Xiang -

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea. Phone: +82 299 4106, Email: xz618@skku.edu

Tae (Tom) Oh -

School of Information, Golisano College of Computing and Information Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, One Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623-5603, USA. Phone: +1 585 475 7642, Email: Tom.Oh@rit.edu

Appendix C. Changes from draft-jeong-ipwave-context-aware-navigator-07

The following changes are made from draft-jeong-ipwave-context-aware-navigator-07:

Authors' Addresses

Jaehoon Paul Jeong (editor)
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Sungkyunkwan University
2066 Seobu-Ro, Jangan-Gu
Suwon
Gyeonggi-Do
16419
Republic of Korea
Bien Aime Mugabarigira
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Sungkyunkwan University
2066 Seobu-Ro, Jangan-Gu
Suwon
Gyeonggi-Do
16419
Republic of Korea
Yiwen Chris Shen
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Sungkyunkwan University
2066 Seobu-Ro, Jangan-Gu
Suwon
Gyeonggi-Do
16419
Republic of Korea
Junhee Kwon
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Sungkyunkwan University
2066 Seobu-Ro, Jangan-Gu
Suwon
Gyeonggi-Do
16419
Republic of Korea
Zeung Il (Ben) Kim
Electric Energy Control Test Team
Hyundai Motor
150 Hyundaiyeonguso-ro, Namyang-eup
Hwaseong
Gyeonggi-Do
18280
Republic of Korea