Next: Percussion, Previous: Chords, Up: Top
Clusters are a device to denote that a complete range of notes is to be played.
\layout { ragged-right = ##t } fragment = \relative c' { c4 f4 <e d'>4 <g a>8 <e a> a4 c2 <d b>4 e4 c4 } << \new Staff \fragment \new Staff \makeClusters \fragment >>
Problem: How to know which MidiInstrument would be best for your composition? Solution: A Lilypond demo file.
\score { \new Staff << \new Voice { \melodie } %Voice >> %Staff \layout { } } %score \score { \new Staff << \tempo 4 = 180 %\set Staff.instrumentName="S/A" %\set Staff.midiMinimumVolume = #0.2 %\set Staff.midiMaximumVolume = #0.4 %\set Voice.dynamicAbsoluteVolumeFunction = #0.6 \new Voice { r \mf \set Staff.midiInstrument="acoustic grand" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="bright acoustic" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="electric grand" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="honky-tonk" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="electric piano 1" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="electric piano 2" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="harpsichord" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="clav" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="celesta" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="glockenspiel" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="music box" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="vibraphone" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="marimba" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="xylophone" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="tubular bells" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="dulcimer" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="drawbar organ" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="percussive organ" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="rock organ" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="church organ" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="reed organ" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="accordion" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="harmonica" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="concertina" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="acoustic guitar (nylon)" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="acoustic guitar (steel)" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="electric guitar (jazz)" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="electric guitar (clean)" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="electric guitar (muted)" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="overdriven guitar" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="distorted guitar" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="acoustic bass" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="electric bass (finger)" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="electric bass (pick)" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="fretless bass" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="slap bass 1" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="slap bass 2" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="synth bass 1" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="synth bass 2" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="violin" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="viola" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="cello" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="contrabass" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="tremolo strings" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="pizzicato strings" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="orchestral strings" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="timpani" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="string ensemble 1" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="string ensemble 2" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="synthstrings 1" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="synthstrings 2" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="choir aahs" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="voice oohs" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="synth voice" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="orchestra hit" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="trumpet" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="trombone" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="tuba" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="muted trumpet" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="french horn" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="brass section" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="synthbrass 1" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="synthbrass 2" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="soprano sax" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="alto sax" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="tenor sax" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="baritone sax" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="oboe" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="english horn" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="bassoon" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="clarinet" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="piccolo" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="flute" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="recorder" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="pan flute" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="blown bottle" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="shakuhachi" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="whistle" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="ocarina" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="lead 1 (square)" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="lead 2 (sawtooth)" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="lead 3 (calliope)" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="lead 4 (chiff)" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="lead 5 (charang)" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="lead 6 (voice)" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="lead 7 (fifths)" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="lead 8 (bass+lead)" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="pad 1 (new age)" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="pad 2 (warm)" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="pad 3 (polysynth)" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="pad 4 (choir)" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="pad 5 (bowed)" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="pad 6 (metallic)" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="pad 7 (halo)" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="pad 8 (sweep)" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="fx 1 (rain)" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="fx 2 (soundtrack)" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="fx 3 (crystal)" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="fx 4 (atmosphere)" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="fx 5 (brightness)" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="fx 6 (goblins)" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="fx 7 (echoes)" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="fx 8 (sci-fi)" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="sitar" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="banjo" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="shamisen" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="koto" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="kalimba" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="bagpipe" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="fiddle" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="shanai" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="tinkle bell" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="agogo" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="steel drums" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="woodblock" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="taiko drum" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="melodic tom" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="synth drum" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="reverse cymbal" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="guitar fret noise" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="breath noise" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="seashore" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="bird tweet" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="telephone ring" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="helicopter" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="applause" \melodie \set Staff.midiInstrument="gunshot" \melodie } %Voice >> %Staff \midi { } } %score
Jazz tune for combo (horns, guitar, piano, bass, drums).
Here is a simple piano staff with some notes.
upper = \relative c'' { \clef treble \key c \major \time 4/4 a b c d } lower = \relative c { \clef bass \key c \major \time 4/4 a2 c } \score { \new PianoStaff << \set PianoStaff.instrumentName = "Piano " \new Staff = "upper" \upper \new Staff = "lower" \lower >> \layout { } \midi { } }
piano-template-with-centered-dynamics.ly
Many piano scores have the dynamics centered between the two staves. This requires a bit of tweaking to implement, but since the template is right here, you don't have to do the tweaking yourself.
upper = \relative c'' { \clef treble \key c \major \time 4/4 a b c d } lower = \relative c { \clef bass \key c \major \time 4/4 a2 c } dynamics = { s2\fff\> s4 s\!\pp } pedal = { s2\sustainDown s2\sustainUp } \score { \new PianoStaff << \new Staff = "upper" \upper \new Dynamics = "dynamics" \dynamics \new Staff = "lower" << \clef bass \lower >> \new Dynamics = "pedal" \pedal >> \layout { \context { \type "Engraver_group" \name Dynamics \alias Voice % So that \cresc works, for example. \consists "Output_property_engraver" \override VerticalAxisGroup #'minimum-Y-extent = #'(-1 . 1) \override DynamicLineSpanner #'Y-offset = #0 pedalSustainStrings = #'("Ped." "*Ped." "*") pedalUnaCordaStrings = #'("una corda" "" "tre corde") \consists "Piano_pedal_engraver" \consists "Script_engraver" \consists "Dynamic_engraver" \consists "Text_engraver" \override TextScript #'font-size = #2 \override TextScript #'font-shape = #'italic \consists "Skip_event_swallow_translator" \consists "Axis_group_engraver" } \context { \PianoStaff \accepts Dynamics } } } \score { \new PianoStaff << \new Staff = "upper" << \upper \dynamics >> \new Staff = "lower" << \lower \dynamics >> \new Dynamics = "pedal" \pedal >> \midi { \context { \type "Performer_group" \name Dynamics \consists "Piano_pedal_performer" } \context { \PianoStaff \accepts Dynamics } } }
piano-template-with-centered-lyrics.ly
Instead of having a full staff for the melody and lyrics, you can place the lyrics between the piano staff (and omit the separate melody staff).
upper = \relative c'' { \clef treble \key c \major \time 4/4 a b c d } lower = \relative c { \clef bass \key c \major \time 4/4 a2 c } text = \lyricmode { Aaa Bee Cee Dee } \score { \new GrandStaff << \new Staff = upper { \new Voice = "singer" \upper } \new Lyrics \lyricsto "singer" \text \new Staff = lower { \clef bass \lower } >> \layout { \context { \GrandStaff \accepts "Lyrics" } \context { \Lyrics \consists "Bar_engraver" } } \midi { } }
piano-template-with-melody-and-lyrics.ly
Here is a typical song format: one staff with the melody and lyrics, with piano accompaniment underneath.
melody = \relative c'' { \clef treble \key c \major \time 4/4 a b c d } text = \lyricmode { Aaa Bee Cee Dee } upper = \relative c'' { \clef treble \key c \major \time 4/4 a b c d } lower = \relative c { \clef bass \key c \major \time 4/4 a2 c } \score { << \new Voice = "mel" { \autoBeamOff \melody } \new Lyrics \lyricsto mel \text \new PianoStaff << \new Staff = "upper" \upper \new Staff = "lower" \lower >> >> \layout { \context { \RemoveEmptyStaffContext } } \midi { } }
vocal-ensemble-template-with-automatic-piano-reduction.ly
This template adds an automatic piano reduction to the standard SATB vocal score demonstrated in "Vocal ensemble template". This demonstrates one of the strengths of LilyPond – you can use a music definition more than once. If you make any changes to the vocal notes (say, tenorMusic), then the changes will also apply to the piano reduction.
global = { \key c \major \time 4/4 } sopMusic = \relative c'' { c4 c c8[( b)] c4 } sopWords = \lyricmode { hi hi hi hi } altoMusic = \relative c' { e4 f d e } altoWords =\lyricmode { ha ha ha ha } tenorMusic = \relative c' { g4 a f g } tenorWords = \lyricmode { hu hu hu hu } bassMusic = \relative c { c4 c g c } bassWords = \lyricmode { ho ho ho ho } \score { << \new ChoirStaff << \new Lyrics = sopranos { s1 } \new Staff = women << \new Voice = "sopranos" { \voiceOne << \global \sopMusic >> } \new Voice = "altos" { \voiceTwo << \global \altoMusic >> } >> \new Lyrics = "altos" { s1 } \new Lyrics = "tenors" { s1 } \new Staff = men << \clef bass \new Voice = "tenors" { \voiceOne <<\global \tenorMusic >> } \new Voice = "basses" { \voiceTwo <<\global \bassMusic >> } >> \new Lyrics = basses { s1 } \context Lyrics = sopranos \lyricsto sopranos \sopWords \context Lyrics = altos \lyricsto altos \altoWords \context Lyrics = tenors \lyricsto tenors \tenorWords \context Lyrics = basses \lyricsto basses \bassWords >> \new PianoStaff << \new Staff << \set Staff.printPartCombineTexts = ##f \partcombine << \global \sopMusic >> << \global \altoMusic >> >> \new Staff << \clef bass \set Staff.printPartCombineTexts = ##f \partcombine << \global \tenorMusic >> << \global \bassMusic >> >> >> >> \layout { \context { % a little smaller so lyrics % can be closer to the staff \Staff \override VerticalAxisGroup #'minimum-Y-extent = #'(-3 . 3) } } }
Next: Percussion, Previous: Chords, Up: Top
This page is for LilyPond-2.11.40 (development-branch).
Report errors to http://post.gmane.org/post.php?group=gmane.comp.gnu.lilypond.bugs.
Your suggestions for the documentation are welcome.